src/eric7/MicroPython/Devices/DeviceBase.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Copyright (c) 2019 - 2023 Detlev Offenbach <detlev@die-offenbachs.de>
#

"""
Module implementing some utility functions and the MicroPythonDevice base
class.
"""

import ast
import contextlib
import copy
import os
import time

from PyQt6.QtCore import QObject, pyqtSlot
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QInputDialog

from eric7 import Preferences
from eric7.EricWidgets import EricMessageBox
from eric7.EricWidgets.EricApplication import ericApp


class BaseDevice(QObject):
    """
    Base class for the more specific MicroPython devices.

    It includes a list of commands for general use on the various boards.
    If a board needs special treatment, the command should be overwritten
    in the board specific subclass. Commands are provided to perform operations
    on the file system of a connected MicroPython device, for getting and setting
    the time on the board and getting board related data. Supported file system
    commands are:
    <ul>
    <li>ls: directory listing</li>
    <li>lls: directory listing with meta data</li>
    <li>cd: change directory</li>
    <li>pwd: get the current directory</li>
    <li>put: copy a file to the connected device</li>
    <li>putData: write data to a file of the connected device</li>
    <li>get: get a file from the connected device</li>
    <li>getData: read data of a file of the connected device</li>
    <li>rm: remove a file from the connected device</li>
    <li>rmrf: remove a file/directory recursively (like 'rm -rf' in bash)
    <li>mkdir: create a new directory</li>
    <li>rmdir: remove an empty directory</li>
    <li>fileSystemInfo: get information about the file system
    </ul>

    Supported non file system commands are:
    <ul>
    <li>getBoardData: get information about the connected board</li>
    <li>getDeviceData: get version info about MicroPython and some implementation
        information</li>
    <li>getModules: get a list of built-in modules</li>
    <li>getTime: get the current time</li>
    <li>syncTime: synchronize the time of the connected device</li>
    <li>showTime: show the current time of the connected device</li>
    </ul>
    """

    def __init__(self, microPythonWidget, deviceType, parent=None):
        """
        Constructor

        @param microPythonWidget reference to the main MicroPython widget
        @type MicroPythonWidget
        @param deviceType device type assigned to this device interface
        @type str
        @param parent reference to the parent object
        @type QObject
        """
        super().__init__(parent)

        self._deviceType = deviceType
        self._interface = microPythonWidget.deviceInterface()
        self.microPython = microPythonWidget
        self._deviceData = {}  # dictionary with essential device data

    def setConnected(self, connected):
        """
        Public method to set the connection state.

        Note: This method can be overwritten to perform actions upon connect
        or disconnect of the device.

        @param connected connection state
        @type bool
        """
        self._deviceData = {}

        if connected:
            with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
                self._deviceData = self.__getDeviceData()

    def getDeviceType(self):
        """
        Public method to get the device type.

        @return type of the device
        @rtype str
        """
        return self._deviceType

    def getDeviceData(self):
        """
        Public method to get a copy of the determined device data.

        @return dictionary containing the essential device data
        @rtype dict
        """
        return copy.deepcopy(self._deviceData)

    def checkDeviceData(self, quiet=True):
        """
        Public method to check the validity of the device data determined during
        connecting the device.

        @param quiet flag indicating to not show an info message, if the data is
            not available (defaults to True)
        @type bool (optional)
        @return flag indicating valid device data
        @rtype bool
        """
        if bool(self._deviceData):
            return True
        else:
            if not quiet:
                EricMessageBox.critical(
                    None,
                    self.tr("Show MicroPython Versions"),
                    self.tr(
                        """<p>The device data is not available. Try to connect to the"""
                        """ device again. Aborting...</p>"""
                    ).format(self.getDeviceType()),
                )
            return False

    def hasCircuitPython(self):
        """
        Public method to check, if the connected device is flashed with CircuitPython.

        @return flag indicating CircuitPython
        @rtype bool
        """
        return (
            self.checkDeviceData()
            and self._deviceData["mpy_name"].lower() == "circuitpython"
        )

    def setButtons(self):
        """
        Public method to enable the supported action buttons.
        """
        self.microPython.setActionButtons(
            run=False, repl=False, files=False, chart=False
        )

    def forceInterrupt(self):
        """
        Public method to determine the need for an interrupt when opening the
        serial connection.

        @return flag indicating an interrupt is needed
        @rtype bool
        """
        return True

    def deviceName(self):
        """
        Public method to get the name of the device.

        @return name of the device
        @rtype str
        """
        return self.tr("Unsupported Device")

    def canStartRepl(self):
        """
        Public method to determine, if a REPL can be started.

        @return tuple containing a flag indicating it is safe to start a REPL
            and a reason why it cannot.
        @rtype tuple of (bool, str)
        """
        return False, self.tr("REPL is not supported by this device.")

    def setRepl(self, on):
        """
        Public method to set the REPL status and dependent status.

        @param on flag indicating the active status
        @type bool
        """
        pass

    def canStartPlotter(self):
        """
        Public method to determine, if a Plotter can be started.

        @return tuple containing a flag indicating it is safe to start a
            Plotter and a reason why it cannot.
        @rtype tuple of (bool, str)
        """
        return False, self.tr("Plotter is not supported by this device.")

    def setPlotter(self, on):
        """
        Public method to set the Plotter status and dependent status.

        @param on flag indicating the active status
        @type bool
        """
        pass

    def canRunScript(self):
        """
        Public method to determine, if a script can be executed.

        @return tuple containing a flag indicating it is safe to start a
            Plotter and a reason why it cannot.
        @rtype tuple of (bool, str)
        """
        return False, self.tr("Running scripts is not supported by this device.")

    def runScript(self, script):
        """
        Public method to run the given Python script.

        @param script script to be executed
        @type str
        """
        pass

    def canStartFileManager(self):
        """
        Public method to determine, if a File Manager can be started.

        @return tuple containing a flag indicating it is safe to start a
            File Manager and a reason why it cannot.
        @rtype tuple of (bool, str)
        """
        return False, self.tr("File Manager is not supported by this device.")

    def setFileManager(self, on):
        """
        Public method to set the File Manager status and dependent status.

        @param on flag indicating the active status
        @type bool
        """
        pass

    def supportsLocalFileAccess(self):
        """
        Public method to indicate file access via a local directory.

        @return flag indicating file access via local directory
        @rtype bool
        """
        return False  # default

    def getWorkspace(self):
        """
        Public method to get the workspace directory.

        @return workspace directory used for saving files
        @rtype str
        """
        return (
            Preferences.getMicroPython("MpyWorkspace")
            or Preferences.getMultiProject("Workspace")
            or os.path.expanduser("~")
        )

    def selectDeviceDirectory(self, deviceDirectories):
        """
        Public method to select the device directory from a list of detected
        ones.

        @param deviceDirectories list of directories to select from
        @type list of str
        @return selected directory or an empty string
        @rtype str
        """
        deviceDirectory, ok = QInputDialog.getItem(
            None,
            self.tr("Select Device Directory"),
            self.tr("Select the directory for the connected device:"),
            [""] + deviceDirectories,
            0,
            False,
        )
        if ok:
            return deviceDirectory
        else:
            # user cancelled
            return ""

    def sendCommands(self, commandsList):
        """
        Public method to send a list of commands to the device.

        @param commandsList list of commands to be sent to the device
        @type list of str
        """
        rawOn = [  # sequence of commands to enter raw mode
            b"\x02",  # Ctrl-B: exit raw repl (just in case)
            b"\r\x03\x03\x03",  # Ctrl-C three times: interrupt any running
            # program
            b"\r\x01",  # Ctrl-A: enter raw REPL
        ]
        newLine = [
            b'print("\\n")\r',
        ]
        commands = [c.encode("utf-8)") + b"\r" for c in commandsList]
        commands.append(b"\r")
        commands.append(b"\x04")
        rawOff = [b"\x02", b"\x02"]
        commandSequence = rawOn + newLine + commands + rawOff
        self._interface.executeAsync(commandSequence)

    @pyqtSlot()
    def handleDataFlood(self):
        """
        Public slot handling a data floof from the device.
        """
        pass

    def addDeviceMenuEntries(self, menu):
        """
        Public method to add device specific entries to the given menu.

        @param menu reference to the context menu
        @type QMenu
        """
        pass

    def hasFlashMenuEntry(self):
        """
        Public method to check, if the device has its own flash menu entry.

        @return flag indicating a specific flash menu entry
        @rtype bool
        """
        return False

    def hasTimeCommands(self):
        """
        Public method to check, if the device supports time commands.

        The default returns True.

        @return flag indicating support for time commands
        @rtype bool
        """
        return True

    def hasDocumentationUrl(self):
        """
        Public method to check, if the device has a configured documentation
        URL.

        @return flag indicating a configured documentation URL
        @rtype bool
        """
        return bool(self.getDocumentationUrl())

    def getDocumentationUrl(self):
        """
        Public method to get the device documentation URL.

        @return documentation URL of the device
        @rtype str
        """
        return ""

    def hasFirmwareUrl(self):
        """
        Public method to check, if the device has a configured firmware
        download URL.

        @return flag indicating a configured firmware download URL
        @rtype bool
        """
        return bool(self.getFirmwareUrl())

    def getFirmwareUrl(self):
        """
        Public method to get the device firmware download URL.

        @return firmware download URL of the device
        @rtype str
        """
        return ""

    def downloadFirmware(self):
        """
        Public method to download the device firmware.
        """
        url = self.getFirmwareUrl()
        if url:
            ericApp().getObject("UserInterface").launchHelpViewer(url)

    def getDownloadMenuEntries(self):
        """
        Public method to retrieve the entries for the downloads menu.

        @return list of tuples with menu text and URL to be opened for each
            entry
        @rtype list of tuple of (str, str)
        """
        return []

    ##################################################################
    ## Methods below implement the file system commands
    ##################################################################

    def _shortError(self, error):
        """
        Protected method to create a shortened error message.

        @param error verbose error message
        @type bytes
        @return shortened error message
        @rtype str
        """
        if error:
            decodedError = error.decode("utf-8")
            try:
                return decodedError.split["\r\n"][-2]
            except Exception:
                return decodedError

        return self.tr("Detected an error without indications.")

    def ls(self, dirname=""):
        """
        Public method to get a directory listing of the connected device.

        @param dirname name of the directory to be listed
        @type str
        @return tuple containg the directory listing
        @rtype tuple of str
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        command = """
import os as __os_
print(__os_.listdir('{0}'))
del __os_
""".format(
            dirname
        )
        out, err = self._interface.execute(command)
        if err:
            raise OSError(self._shortError(err))
        return ast.literal_eval(out.decode("utf-8"))

    def lls(self, dirname="", fullstat=False, showHidden=False):
        """
        Public method to get a long directory listing of the connected device
        including meta data.

        @param dirname name of the directory to be listed
        @type str
        @param fullstat flag indicating to return the full stat() tuple
        @type bool
        @param showHidden flag indicating to show hidden files as well
        @type bool
        @return list containing the directory listing with tuple entries of
            the name and and a tuple of mode, size and time (if fullstat is
            false) or the complete stat() tuple. 'None' is returned in case the
            directory doesn't exist.
        @rtype tuple of (str, tuple)
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        command = """
import os as __os_

def is_visible(filename, showHidden):
    return showHidden or (filename[0] != '.' and filename[-1] != '~')

def stat(filename):
    try:
        rstat = __os_.lstat(filename)
    except:
        rstat = __os_.stat(filename)
    return tuple(rstat)

def listdir_stat(dirname, showHidden):
    try:
        files = __os_.listdir(dirname)
    except OSError:
        return []
    if dirname in ('', '/'):
        return list((f, stat(f)) for f in files if is_visible(f, showHidden))
    return list(
        (f, stat(dirname + '/' + f)) for f in files if is_visible(f, showHidden)
    )

print(listdir_stat('{0}', {1}))
del __os_, stat, listdir_stat, is_visible
""".format(
            dirname, showHidden
        )
        out, err = self._interface.execute(command)
        if err:
            raise OSError(self._shortError(err))
        fileslist = ast.literal_eval(out.decode("utf-8"))
        if fileslist is None:
            return None
        else:
            if fullstat:
                return fileslist
            else:
                return [(f, (s[0], s[6], s[8])) for f, s in fileslist]

    def cd(self, dirname):
        """
        Public method to change the current directory on the connected device.

        @param dirname directory to change to
        @type str
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        if dirname:
            command = """
import os as __os_
__os_.chdir('{0}')
del __os_
""".format(
                dirname
            )
            out, err = self._interface.execute(command)
            if err:
                raise OSError(self._shortError(err))

    def pwd(self):
        """
        Public method to get the current directory of the connected device.

        @return current directory
        @rtype str
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        command = """
import os as __os_
print(__os_.getcwd())
del __os_
"""
        out, err = self._interface.execute(command)
        if err:
            raise OSError(self._shortError(err))
        return out.decode("utf-8").strip()

    def rm(self, filename):
        """
        Public method to remove a file from the connected device.

        @param filename name of the file to be removed
        @type str
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        if filename:
            command = """
import os as __os_
__os_.remove('{0}')
del __os_
""".format(
                filename
            )
            out, err = self._interface.execute(command)
            if err:
                raise OSError(self._shortError(err))

    def rmrf(self, name, recursive=False, force=False):
        """
        Public method to remove a file or directory recursively.

        @param name of the file or directory to remove
        @type str
        @param recursive flag indicating a recursive deletion
        @type bool
        @param force flag indicating to ignore errors
        @type bool
        @return flag indicating success
        @rtype bool
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        if name:
            command = """
import os as __os_

def remove_file(name, recursive=False, force=False):
    try:
        mode = __os_.stat(name)[0]
        if mode & 0x4000 != 0:
            if recursive:
                for file in __os_.listdir(name):
                    success = remove_file(name + '/' + file, recursive, force)
                    if not success and not force:
                        return False
                __os_.rmdir(name)
            else:
                if not force:
                    return False
        else:
            __os_.remove(name)
    except:
        if not force:
            return False
    return True

print(remove_file('{0}', {1}, {2}))
del __os_, remove_file
""".format(
                name, recursive, force
            )
            out, err = self._interface.execute(command)
            if err:
                raise OSError(self._shortError(err))
            return ast.literal_eval(out.decode("utf-8"))

        return False

    def mkdir(self, dirname):
        """
        Public method to create a new directory.

        @param dirname name of the directory to create
        @type str
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        if dirname:
            command = """
import os as __os_
__os_.mkdir('{0}')
del __os_
""".format(
                dirname
            )
            out, err = self._interface.execute(command)
            if err:
                raise OSError(self._shortError(err))

    def rmdir(self, dirname):
        """
        Public method to remove a directory.

        @param dirname name of the directory to be removed
        @type str
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        if dirname:
            command = """
import os as __os_

try:
    __os_.rmdir('{0}')
except OSError as exc:
    if exc.args[0] == 13:
        raise OSError(13, 'Access denied or directory not empty.')
    else:
        raise
del __os_
""".format(
                dirname
            )
            out, err = self._interface.execute(command)
            if err:
                raise OSError(self._shortError(err))

    def put(self, hostFileName, deviceFileName=None):
        """
        Public method to copy a local file to the connected device.

        @param hostFileName name of the file to be copied
        @type str
        @param deviceFileName name of the file to copy to
        @type str
        @return flag indicating success
        @rtype bool
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        if not os.path.isfile(hostFileName):
            raise OSError("No such file: {0}".format(hostFileName))

        if not deviceFileName:
            deviceFileName = os.path.basename(hostFileName)

        with open(hostFileName, "rb") as hostFile:
            content = hostFile.read()

        return self.putData(deviceFileName, content)

    def putData(self, deviceFileName, content):
        """
        Public method to write the given data to the connected device.

        @param deviceFileName name of the file to write to
        @type str
        @param content data to write
        @type bytes
        @return flag indicating success
        @rtype bool
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        if not deviceFileName:
            raise OSError("Missing device file name")

        # convert eol '\r'
        content = content.replace(b"\r\n", b"\r")
        content = content.replace(b"\n", b"\r")

        commands = [
            "fd = open('{0}', 'wb')".format(deviceFileName),
            "f = fd.write",
        ]
        while content:
            chunk = content[:64]
            commands.append("f(" + repr(chunk) + ")")
            content = content[64:]
        commands.extend(
            [
                "fd.close()",
                "del f, fd",
            ]
        )
        command = "\n".join(commands)

        out, err = self._interface.execute(command)
        if err:
            raise OSError(self._shortError(err))
        return True

    def get(self, deviceFileName, hostFileName=None):
        """
        Public method to copy a file from the connected device.

        @param deviceFileName name of the file to copy
        @type str
        @param hostFileName name of the file to copy to
        @type str
        @return flag indicating success
        @rtype bool
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        if not deviceFileName:
            raise OSError("Missing device file name")

        if not hostFileName:
            hostFileName = deviceFileName

        out = self.getData(deviceFileName)
        with open(hostFileName, "wb") as hostFile:
            hostFile.write(out)

        return True

    def getData(self, deviceFileName):
        """
        Public method to read data from the connected device.

        @param deviceFileName name of the file to read from
        @type str
        @return data read from the device
        @rtype bytes
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        if not deviceFileName:
            raise OSError("Missing device file name")

        command = """
def send_data():
    try:
        from microbit import uart as u
    except ImportError:
        try:
            from sys import stdout as u
        except ImportError:
            try:
                from machine import UART
                u = UART(0, 115200)
            except Exception:
                raise Exception('Could not find UART module in device.')
    f = open('{0}', 'rb')
    r = f.read
    result = True
    while result:
        result = r(32)
        if result:
            u.write(result)
    f.close()

send_data()
del send_data
""".format(
            deviceFileName
        )
        out, err = self._interface.execute(command)
        if err:
            raise OSError(self._shortError(err))

        # write the received bytes to the local file
        # convert eol to "\n"
        out = out.replace(b"\r\n", b"\n")
        out = out.replace(b"\r", b"\n")

        return out

    def fileSystemInfo(self):
        """
        Public method to obtain information about the currently mounted file
        systems.

        @return tuple of tuples containing the file system name, the total
            size, the used size and the free size
        @rtype tuple of tuples of (str, int, int, int)
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        command = """
import os as __os_

def fsinfo():
    infolist = []
    info = __os_.statvfs('/')
    if info[0] == 0:
        fsnames = __os_.listdir('/')
        for fs in fsnames:
            fs = '/' + fs
            infolist.append((fs, __os_.statvfs(fs)))
    else:
        infolist.append(('/', info))
    return infolist

print(fsinfo())
del __os_, fsinfo
"""
        out, err = self._interface.execute(command)
        if err:
            raise OSError(self._shortError(err))
        infolist = ast.literal_eval(out.decode("utf-8"))
        if infolist is None:
            return None
        else:
            filesystemInfos = []
            for fs, info in infolist:
                totalSize = info[2] * info[1]
                freeSize = info[4] * info[1]
                usedSize = totalSize - freeSize
                filesystemInfos.append((fs, totalSize, usedSize, freeSize))

        return tuple(filesystemInfos)

    ##################################################################
    ## board information related methods below
    ##################################################################

    def __getDeviceData(self):
        """
        Private method to get some essential data for the connected board.

        @return dictionary containing the determined data
        @rtype dict
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        command = """
res = {}

import os as __os_
uname = __os_.uname()
res['sysname'] = uname.sysname
res['nodename'] = uname.nodename
res['release'] = uname.release
res['version'] = uname.version
res['machine'] = uname.machine

import sys as __sys_
res['py_platform'] = __sys_.platform
res['py_version'] = __sys_.version

try:
    res['mpy_name'] = __sys_.implementation.name
except AttributeError:
    res['mpy_name'] = 'unknown'

try:
    res['mpy_version'] = '.'.join((str(i) for i in __sys_.implementation.version))
except AttributeError:
    res['mpy_version'] = 'unknown'

try:
    import pimoroni as __pimoroni_
    res['mpy_variant'] = 'Pimoroni Pico'
    try:
        import version as __version_
        res['mpy_variant_info'] = __version_.BUILD
        res['mpy_variant_version'] = __version_.BUILD.split('-')[2][1:]
        del __version_
    except ImportError:
        res['mpy_variant_info'] = ''
        res['mpy_variant_version'] = ''
    del __pimoroni_
except ImportError:
    res['mpy_variant'] = ''
    res['mpy_variant_info'] = ''
    res['mpy_variant_version'] = ''

print(res)
del res, uname, __os_, __sys_
"""
        out, err = self._interface.execute(command)
        if err:
            raise OSError(self._shortError(err))
        return ast.literal_eval(out.decode("utf-8"))

    def getBoardInformation(self):
        """
        Public method to get some information data of the connected board.

        @return dictionary containing the determined data
        @rtype dict
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        command = """
res = {}

import gc as __gc_
__gc_.enable()
__gc_.collect()
mem_alloc = __gc_.mem_alloc()
mem_free = __gc_.mem_free()
mem_total = mem_alloc + mem_free
res['mem_total_kb'] = mem_total / 1024.0
res['mem_used_kb'] = mem_alloc / 1024.0
res['mem_used_pc'] = mem_alloc / mem_total * 100.0
res['mem_free_kb'] = mem_free / 1024.0
res['mem_free_pc'] = mem_free / mem_total * 100.0
del __gc_, mem_alloc, mem_free, mem_total

import os as __os_
uname = __os_.uname()
res['sysname'] = uname.sysname
res['nodename'] = uname.nodename
res['release'] = uname.release
res['version'] = uname.version
res['machine'] = uname.machine

import sys as __sys_
res['py_platform'] = __sys_.platform
res['py_version'] = __sys_.version

try:
    res['mpy_name'] = __sys_.implementation.name
except AttributeError:
    res['mpy_name'] = 'unknown'
try:
    res['mpy_version'] = '.'.join((str(i) for i in __sys_.implementation.version))
except AttributeError:
    res['mpy_version'] = 'unknown'
try:
    import pimoroni as __pimoroni_
    res['mpy_variant'] = 'Pimoroni Pico'
    try:
        import version as __version_
        res['mpy_variant_info'] = __version_.BUILD
        res['mpy_variant_version'] = __version_.BUILD.split('-')[2][1:]
        del __version_
    except ImportError:
        res['mpy_variant_info'] = ''
        res['mpy_variant_version'] = ''
    del __pimoroni_
except ImportError:
    res['mpy_variant'] = ''
    res['mpy_variant_info'] = ''
    res['mpy_variant_version'] = ''

try:
    stat_ = __os_.statvfs('/flash')
    res['flash_info_available'] = True
    res['flash_total_kb'] = stat_[2] * stat_[0] / 1024.0
    res['flash_free_kb'] = stat_[3] * stat_[0] / 1024.0
    res['flash_used_kb'] = res['flash_total_kb'] - res['flash_free_kb']
    res['flash_free_pc'] = res['flash_free_kb'] / res['flash_total_kb'] * 100.0
    res['flash_used_pc'] = res['flash_used_kb'] / res['flash_total_kb'] * 100.0
    del stat_
except AttributeError:
    res['flash_info_available'] = False

try:
    import machine as __mc_
    if isinstance(__mc_.freq(), tuple):
        res['mc_frequency_mhz'] = __mc_.freq()[0] / 1000000.0
    else:
       res['mc_frequency_mhz'] = __mc_.freq() / 1000000.0
    res['mc_id'] = __mc_.unique_id()
    del __mc_
except ImportError:
    try:
        import microcontroller as __mc_
        res['mc_frequency_mhz'] = __mc_.cpu.frequency / 1000000.0
        res['mc_temp_c'] = __mc_.cpu.temperature
        res['mc_id'] = __mc_.cpu.uid
        del __mc_
    except ImportError:
        res['mc_frequency'] = None
        res['mc_temp'] = None
if 'mc_id' in res:
    res['mc_id'] = ':'.join('{0:02X}'.format(x) for x in res['mc_id'])

try:
    import ulab as __ulab_
    res['ulab'] = __ulab_.__version__
    del __ulab_
except ImportError:
    res['ulab'] = None

print(res)
del res, __os_, __sys_
"""
        out, err = self._interface.execute(command)
        if err:
            raise OSError(self._shortError(err))
        return ast.literal_eval(out.decode("utf-8"))

    def getModules(self):
        """
        Public method to show a list of modules built into the firmware.

        @return list of builtin modules
        @rtype list of str
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        commands = ["help('modules')"]
        out, err = self._interface.execute(commands)
        if err:
            raise OSError(self._shortError(err))

        modules = []
        for line in out.decode("utf-8").splitlines()[:-1]:
            modules.extend(line.split())
        return modules

    ##################################################################
    ## time related methods below
    ##################################################################

    def getTime(self):
        """
        Public method to get the current time of the device.

        @return time of the device
        @rtype str
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        command = """
try:
    import rtc as __rtc_
    print(
        '{0:04d}-{1:02d}-{2:02d} {3:02d}:{4:02d}:{5:02d}'
        .format(*__rtc_.RTC().datetime[:6])
    )
    del __rtc_
except:
    import time as __time_
    try:
        print(__time_.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', __time_.localtime()))
    except AttributeError:
        tm = __time_.localtime()
        print(
            '{0:04d}-{1:02d}-{2:02d} {3:02d}:{4:02d}:{5:02d}'
            .format(tm[0], tm[1], tm[2], tm[3], tm[4], tm[5])
        )
        del tm
    del __time_
"""
        out, err = self._interface.execute(command)
        if err:
            if b"NotImplementedError" in err:
                return "&lt;unsupported&gt; &lt;unsupported&gt;"
            raise OSError(self._shortError(err))
        return out.decode("utf-8").strip()

    def _getSetTimeCode(self):
        """
        Protected method to get the device code to set the time.

        Note: This method must be implemented in the various device specific
        subclasses.

        @return code to be executed on the connected device to set the time
        @rtype str
        """
        # rtc_time[0] - year    4 digit
        # rtc_time[1] - month   1..12
        # rtc_time[2] - day     1..31
        # rtc_time[3] - weekday 1..7 1=Monday
        # rtc_time[4] - hour    0..23
        # rtc_time[5] - minute  0..59
        # rtc_time[6] - second  0..59
        # rtc_time[7] - yearday 1..366
        # rtc_time[8] - isdst   0, 1, or -1
        if self.hasCircuitPython():
            # CircuitPython is handled here in order to not duplicate the code in all
            # specific boards able to be flashed with CircuitPython or MicroPython
            return """
def set_time(rtc_time):
    import rtc
    import time
    clock = rtc.RTC()
    clock_time = rtc_time[:3] + rtc_time[4:7] + (rtc_time[3], rtc_time[7], rtc_time[8])
    clock.datetime = time.struct_time(clock_time)
"""
        else:
            return ""

    def syncTime(self, deviceType, hasCPy=False):
        """
        Public method to set the time of the connected device to the local
        computer's time.

        @param deviceType type of board to sync time to
        @type str
        @param hasCPy flag indicating that the device has CircuitPython loadede
            (defaults to False)
        @type bool
        @exception OSError raised to indicate an issue with the device
        """
        setTimeCode = self._getSetTimeCode()
        if setTimeCode:
            now = time.localtime(time.time())
            command = """{0}
set_time({1})
del set_time
""".format(
                setTimeCode,
                (
                    now.tm_year,
                    now.tm_mon,
                    now.tm_mday,
                    now.tm_wday + 1,
                    now.tm_hour,
                    now.tm_min,
                    now.tm_sec,
                    now.tm_yday,
                    now.tm_isdst,
                ),
            )
            out, err = self._interface.execute(command)
            if err:
                raise OSError(self._shortError(err))


#
# eflag: noqa = M613